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"body": "<p>Like many American Jews who want to participate in the most popular Jewish festival celebrated in the home, you may have expressed your desire to assemble the family and conduct a Seder. If you, like many others, are the victim of an over-romanticized recollection of a parent or grandparent's \"traditional\" Seder, you may feel inadequate to the task, unable to fulfill this noble intention.</p>\n\n<p>You must begin with the recognition that contemporary needs and the diverse backgrounds of those gathered at the festival table necessitate a Seder that is rooted in the past and yet meaningful to all assembled. The secret ingredient of a meaningful Seder is in the planning. It is, therefore, crucial that you prepare all the elements of the Seder in advance, from the proper placement of the ritual objects on the table to a decision as to who will read which prayers.</p>\n\n<p>In reality, there is no \"traditional\" Haggadah. There are more than 3,000 separate editions of the Haggadah. The first printed edition did not appear until 1498 and a Latin translation, published for the benefit of the church fathers, was completed in 1512.</p>\n\n<p>The Mitzvah of the \"Seder night\" is derived from the Bible. \"And you shall explain it to your child on that day, it is because of what the Eternal did for me when I went free from Egypt.\" The minimum requirement of the Seder is to tell the story of the Exodus in a language the listener will understand. To ignore this commandment is to abandon the Mitzvah. This means we must tell the story in a language that will be understood by adults and in a manner comprehensible to children. Because there is no \"holiness\" attached to the Haggadah, each community in every generation, was left to its own devices.</p>\n\n<p>In the Sephardic Seder, Maror is romaine lettuce, not horseradish; Z'roa is usually a roasted chicken wing; Haroset is made from apples, nuts, dates, figs, black raisins, and wine. It is spreadable like jelly; the order and wording of the Mah Nishtanah is different; there is no hiding of the Afikoman, no Elihjah's cup or even opening the door for Elijah; in many homes (in the Balkans and Turkey), the first Seder is chanted in unison in Hebrew, the second night, in Ladion; and so on and so on.</p>\n\n<p>So, those whose family needs dictate an abbreviation of the Haggadah should feel no reluctance to do so. You may wish to include in your Seder Ritual contemporary references to the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, the Holocaust, the Civil Rights struggle here and abroad, the plight of oppressed Jewish communities, and the State of Israel. Do it!</p>\n\n<p>Above all, the story of Passover is a story of hope for a better world. As the spring renews our hope in nature and our view of the world brightens after a long and cold winter, so Passover instills within us the hope for a time when slavery, poverty, starvation, and all the ills that afflict humanity will disappear. Recalling our bondage in Egypt, we give thanks that we now enjoy the blessing of freedom. We pray for the day when people of all faiths will be able to celebrate the blessing of freedom in a time of universal peace that will embrace the entire world.</p>\n\n<p>My best wishes for an enjoyable Seder and a Kosher and sweet Passover.</p>\n\n<p>Rabbi Barry Friedman</p>",
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"covertext": "THE ELEPHANT AT YOUR PASSOVER TABLE There's an elephant in the room, he'd like some attention and frankly, he should get...",
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"body": "<p>THE ELEPHANT AT YOUR PASSOVER TABLE</p>\n\n<p>There's an elephant in the room, he'd like some attention and frankly, he should get it. This elephant has been around as long as the Jewish people, but he is getting bolder and meaner. That elephant, of course, is antisemitism. There's the familiar white supremacy movement that pretty much hates everyone who doesn't look like them, the run-of-the-mill antisemites, and a relatively new form of hate directed at Israel which crosses the line to antisemitism too often.</p>\n\n<p>Let's take a moment to acknowledge the elephant, but don't let him plunder the table. If we do, we'll never get to the Four Questions, and besides, the matzoh ball soup will get cold. So let's just say this for now. Hate is hate. Jews, Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Atheists...literally, everyone is worse off for it. So what do we do? Pledge to fight antisemitism. Call it out. Talk about it. Learn about it. But don't you dare accept it. It's a toxic poison that has been following Jews for as long as we have been around. We will make it through this dangerous time as we have before, with bravery, wisdom, pride, and most of all, love.</p>\n\n<p>True hate is never little, it is never unimportant, and it should never, ever be ignored.</p>",
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"body": "<p>\"One has to recline at the table, at least once, symbolically. This position recalls the ancient practice when it was the privilege of the free to sit on a dining couch ( <em>kline</em> ) and eat in a reclining position. At the Seder, everyone sits on a chair (hesebet) propped up on cushions, leaning to his left \"reclining ( <em>mesubbin</em> )\". This is a symbolical indication that at the redemption from Egypt the slave became a free man. At the Seder, people usually do not pour wine for themselves, only for the person sitting next to them; a free human being is being served, after all.\"</p>\n\n<p>In keeping with the tradition of Hungarian Jews, let’s fill someone else’s cup and recognize that, as a family and group of friends, we have the resources to help each other and those in our community if we are willing to share our resources and collaborate – whether those resources are time, money, skills, or any of the other gifts we bring to one another.</p>\n\n<p>Many of us around the table may already share our resources in different ways - volunteering in our communities, providing pro bono services, donating to charities, or by advocating or lobbying officials. For others, we may still be exploring the ways we’re hoping to share our resources and are looking for outlets to do so.</p>\n\n<p>We are now going to fill our wine and I want to invite you to fill someone else’s cup instead of your own.</p>",
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"body": "<p><u><strong>Urchatz ורחץ – the washing of the hands</strong></u><br />\nWater is life and our hands are purified by the waters. Instead of washing and then rushing to dry them off, hold your wet hands open on your lap or on the edge of the table. Sit in silence or quiet whispers as you watch and feel the water evaporating. Take bets on when they will be fully dry or have a contest who can go the longest without drying them on the closest napkin.</p>",
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"body": "<p>There are three pieces of matzah stacked on the table. In breaking the middle piece, we are creating a special piece known as the Afikomen. These two pieces of <em>matzah</em> represent two kinds of eating: eating because we have to and eating because we want to. The first half we will eat soon and we are supposed to eat it quickly, in hunger. It represents the quick flight our ancestors took from Egypt, where they were slaves. </p>\n\n<p>The other half is special and we will hide it ─that half, the Afikomen represents desire, enjoyment, fulfillment, luxury. It represents our freedom. We are supposed to eat it on a full stomach, out of a desire to eat rather than necessity. </p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Uncover and hold up the three pieces of matzah and say together: </strong></p>\n\n\n\n<p>הָא לַחְמָא עַנְיָא דִי אֲכָלוּ אַבְהָתָנָא בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם. כָּל דִכְפִין יֵיתֵי וְיֵיכֹל, כָּל דִצְרִיךְ יֵיתֵי וְיִפְסַח. הָשַׁתָּא הָכָא, לְשָׁנָה הַבָּאָה בְּאַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל. הָשַׁתָּא עַבְדֵי, לְשָׁנָה הַבָּאָה בְּנֵי חוֹרִין.</p>\n\n\n\n<p><i>Ha lachma anya di achalu avhatana b’ara d’mitzrayim. Kol dichfin yeitei v’yeichol, kol ditzrich yeitei v’yifsach. Hashata hacha, l’shanah habaah b’ara d’Yisrael. Hashata avdei, l’shanah habaah b’nei chorin.</i></p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the bread of affliction that our ancestors ate in the land of Egypt. All those who are hungry, let them enter and eat. All who are in need, let them come celebrate the Passover. Now we are here. Next year in the land of Israel. This year we are enslaved. Next year we will be free.</p>",
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"covertext": "A blessing on your head...Mazel tov! Mazel tov! Our spin on the Moroccan Jewish tradition is to pass the remaining piece...",
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"body": "<p>A blessing on your head...Mazel tov! Mazel tov! Our spin on the Moroccan Jewish tradition is to pass the remaining pieces of matzah around for everyone to both make and receive a blessing. Hold the matzah up over the person's head to your left and whisper a private blessing or wish for them. We will continue with our Seder while you each partake in this private moment. Wishes and blessings around themes of freedom are especially appropriate tonight but feel free to get creative.</p>",
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"body": "<p>To the tune of \"Frere Jacques\"</p>\n\n<p>Roasted Shankbone</p>\n\n<p>Hard-Boiled Egg</p>\n\n<p>Karpas and Charoset</p>\n\n<p>Bitter Herbs</p>",
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"body": "<p>After all, this is the creative night so we should not limit ourselves to the \"usual suspects\" and we should think about other symbols that ought to be represented tonight.</p>\n\n<p>The Orange: There are probably as many stories and theories about the origins of placing an orange on the Seder plate as there are segments in an orange. Some will say that it honors women and their evolving roles in becoming leaders within our faith, including but not limited to, leading a Seder. Others believe it represents the rights of the LGBTQ community. </p>\n\n<p>A Coffee Bean: This is said to represent the work/life balance of the working parent. It can be both bitter and strong. </p>\n\n<p>Slave-free chocolate: Pretty self-explanatory, right? There just should not and cannot be slavery in 2020! So eat your chocolate responsibly.</p>\n\n<p>Potatoes: When Ethiopian Jews were brought to Israel via Operation Solomon in 1991, they were famished. In fact, they were so ill and emaciated that they couldn’t stomach a substantial meal — instead, doctors fed them boiled potatoes and rice. The potato represents the continuous exodus of Jews from oppressive regions.</p>\n\n<p>An empty or food-free Seder plate: If you want to scrap the traditional seder plate items for a whole new set, the Progressive Jewish Alliance has you covered. The idea of their “Food Desert Seder Plate” is to use foods that symbolize the lack of access to fresh, healthy food in low-income neighborhoods. For example, swap out haroset for rotten lettuce to symbolize the spoiled produce inner-city grocery stores carry. A potato chip is used for karpas to illustrate that greasy, high-fat chips are easier to find than fresh potatoes. Lastly, there is no egg on the seder plate: “Fresh eggs are one of the luxuries lacking in these neighborhoods.”</p>",
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"body": "<p>Following is a new interpretation of The Four Sons that illustrates the journey of many Jews living in America. We’re not judging here, just witnessing. Besides, what better time to talk about choices and change than Passover? </p>\n\n<p><strong>The First (previously known as The Wise) Son</strong></p>\n\n<p>Let’s call him Irving. He came to America in the early 1900s, not only because his family had a terribly poor existence in Poland, but mostly because they were running for their lives to escape the pogroms (vicious riots when gangs of Russian Cossacks went into Jewish shtetls, or villages, and raped and killed thousands of Jews). Irving, and thousands like him, came to America. They came with nothing, but at least America gave them safety and freedom. Irving flourished. As a boy, he spoke Yiddish and went to yeshiva (an orthodox school). When he arrived in America, he learned English. His family remained observant, continuing to follow kosher rules, celebrating Shabbat each week and living a traditional Jewish life. Irving’s commitment to Judaism was unshakable.</p>\n\n<p><strong>The Second (previously known as The Wicked) Son</strong></p>\n\n<p>Irving’s son, David, is the second generation. David grew up in America with a strong Jewish identity. He’s comfortable in his mom and dad’s home, which is filled with Jewish traditions and values, but his own home and family are let’s just say, more American. David experienced some antisemitism, but never felt he had to run for his life. His goal was to be a successful business executive, and if that meant working on Shabbat, something that Irving would never do, David did it. He became so successful that he was one of the first Jews to be accepted into his local country club that would never allow Jews before. David took his family to Paris and Rome but forgot to take them to Israel. He did a great job of assimilating, but sort of a lackluster job of teaching his son, Josh, who you will meet below, about Judaism.</p>\n\n<p><strong>The Third (previously known as The Simple) Son</strong></p>\n\n<p>Meet David’s son, Josh. He’s the third generation of Jews in America. Josh is like, well, lots of us. He considers himself culturally Jewish. Josh may have had a Seder at his grandfather Irving’s house, but Josh, who by the way, is an excellent soccer player, never really concentrated on his Judaism. He felt very little antisemitism growing up; he quit Hebrew School because it conflicted with soccer practice, and he went to Hillel a couple of times at Duke, (see, told you Josh wasn’t simple) but it felt too Jewish for him. Josh did go on Birthright but that was a few years ago. David is bummed that Josh doesn’t have a stronger connection to Judaism, but what are you gonna do? By the way, Josh is married to Shannon, who is Protestant but would like to learn about Judaism. Unfortunately, Josh doesn’t feel like he knows enough to teach her.</p>\n\n<p><strong>The Fourth (previously known as the Son Who Doesn’t Know How to Ask a Question) Son</strong></p>\n\n<p>Finally, meet Josh and Shannon’s son, Luke. Of course, he knows his dad is Jewish, and actually loves seeing old photographs of Irving, but other than that, he has little connection to Judaism. We really miss and need all Lukes! Let’s work together to invite everyone who is disengaged from their Judaism, back to our sometimes dysfunctional, often confusing, but always loving community.</p>",
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"covertext": "What If God Hadn’t Taken Our Ancestors Out Of Egypt? It’s hard to even imagine, but if the Exodus story had a different...",
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"body": "<h3>What If God Hadn’t Taken Our Ancestors Out Of Egypt?</h3>\n\n<p>It’s hard to even imagine, but if the Exodus story had a different ending, we might still be slaves in Egypt, along with our children, and our children’s children. Tonight we give thanks for our freedom.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 1: 10 lines<br />\nNARRATOR 2: 13 lines<br />\nPHARAOH: 15 lines<br />\nSLAVE: 2 lines<br />\nHERALD: 1 line<br />\nMOSES: 8 lines<br />\nGOD: 7 lines<br />\nPHARAOH’S SON: 2 lines<br />\nAARON: 12 lines<br />\nSHEEP: 2 lines<br />\nYOCHEVED: 1 line<br />\nPRINCESS: 4 lines<br />\nPRINCESS’S ATTENDANT: 4 lines<br />\nMIRIAM: 4 lines</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 1: The story of Moses and the Exodus from Egypt has been told thousands of times. It’s a reminder to the Jewish people that once we were slaves in Egypt, but now we are free. And so, this year, as in years before, generation upon generation, we tell the story of Passover. Now, I invite you to relax and listen to this tale. We begin in Pharaoh’s Palace.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Yes, I’ll have more grapes. This morning I took a tour of all of my new pyramids and I’m totally exhausted.</p>\n\n<p>SLAVE: Yes, your highness. I must tell you that as a slave, we are really doing a fine job at building those pyramids. Carrying bricks is just the discipline that my fourteen sons need.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Fourteen? Did you say fourteen sons?</p>\n\n<p>SLAVE: Indeed I did, your most fabulousness.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Leave my quarters. I’ve gotta think. This could be bad, really bad. I mean, I love having these Hebrew slaves, but there are just so many of them! They are not Egyptians, and as shocking as it might be, I don’t think they even like me. What if there’s a war and they join my enemies and fight against me? I am going to try to find a way to decrease this Jewish-Hebrew slave population.</p>\n\n<p>HERALD: Hear ye, hear ye. It is hereby decreed by Pharaoh, ruler of the land of Egypt, that any son born to a Jew is to be drowned in the Sea of Reeds.</p>\n\n<p>ALL: NOOOOOOO!!!!!</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: Our story continues at the banks of the Nile River, where we meet Yocheved, a Jewish woman with a newborn son.</p>\n\n<p>YOCHEVED:(distraught) Oh no! Did you hear about Pharaoh’s awful decree? I knew he was mean, but now he’s killing our babies?! I need to hide my beautiful baby boy.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: So Yocheved wove a basket of reeds, which is another word for long bamboo-like sticks, put her son into it and hid it in the tall grass by the river. She then sent her young daughter, Miriam, to hide nearby and keep watch. The Pharaoh’s daughter, who was a princess, eventually came down to the water to bathe and heard cries coming from the river.</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS: What is this?</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS’S ATTENDANT: It appears to be a baby, your highness.</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS: A baby?</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS’S ATTENDANT: Why, yes, your highness.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: She pulled the baby out of the water.</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS: Oh, it must be one of those Jewish babies that my dad, the Pharaoh, wants to kill. But look at this little guy. He seems so beautiful and innocent. I know, I’ll take him home and raise him as my son. He will love me and respect me as his mother.</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS’S ATTENDANT: As you wish.</p>\n\n<p>MIRIAM: (as she comes out of her hiding place) Excuse me, your highness, but would you like me to call a Hebrew woman to nurse the baby, so that your attendant can continue to tend to you instead of being distracted by the baby?</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS: Good idea. I hadn’t thought of that. All right, your Hebrew woman may nurse my child, and when he is old enough to walk, she shall bring him to the palace for me to raise. I am going to name him Moses, which means “drawn from the water.”</p>\n\n<p>PRINCESS’S ATTENDANT: Whatever you say, your highness.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 1: And so Yocheved’s son, Moses, grew up as the Pharaoh’s adopted grandson, with all the riches and prestige that such a position entailed. But when he was young, Yocheved told Moses that he was Jewish, so he always had great compassion for the Hebrew slaves. One day, he came upon an Egyptian guard beating an old Jewish slave. Moses got so angry that he killed the guard. Of course, by doing so he was breaking the law. He feared the consequences, so he ran away from the palace into the desert, and became a shepherd. That’s where we pick up the story now.</p>\n\n<p>SHEEP: Baaaa</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: One fine morning, one of Moses’s sheep strayed a bit from the path.</p>\n\n<p>SHEEP: I said, “Baaaa!”</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: Moses followed the sheep and came across a burning bush. It was the craziest thing. This green bush was on fire, but instead of burning up and getting all crinkled and then black, it stayed green. This was, of course, a miracle. It was God, getting Moses’s attention so that he could talk to him. It worked.</p>\n\n<p>GOD: Moses! Moses!</p>\n\n<p>MOSES: Here I am.</p>\n\n<p>GOD: I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. I have seen the affliction of my people in Egypt and have heard their cry. I have come to deliver them out of the hands of the Egyptians, and to bring them out of that place unto a good land, flowing with milk and honey. Now, Moses, I need you to go back to Pharaoh and tell him to let the Jews go free and then you will need to lead the Jews out of Egypt.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 1: It’s important to know that Moses stuttered whenever he spoke, so he was always nervous to speak in public.</p>\n\n<p>MOSES: But why should… I mean, why, why should I be the one to lead my people?</p>\n\n<p>GOD: Fear not – I will be with you.</p>\n\n<p>MOSES: What should I tell the people?</p>\n\n<p>GOD: Just tell the Children of Israel, also known as the Jews, also now known as the slaves, that they need to listen to you, because you speak for me. Tell them to leave their homes and everything they have always known and follow you to the wilderness.</p>\n\n<p>MOSES: That is crazy. They’ll never listen and besides, I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.</p>\n\n<p>GOD: You’re right, it will not be easy. I forgot to mention Pharaoh is not going to simply agree to let his slaves go free. He will take some convincing, and it will not be pretty.</p>\n\n<p>MOSES: Please send someone else.</p>\n\n<p>GOD: Your brother Aaron speaks well, right? He will have to help. I will only speak to you, but you can tell Aaron what I said, and he can be the one who speaks to Pharaoh and the people.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: And so Moses and Aaron went to the people of Israel and convinced them that God had spoken to Moses. Then they went to see Pharaoh at the palace.</p>\n\n<p>AARON: Pharaoh, we are here to demand, in the name of our all-powerful and all-knowing God, that you release the Hebrew people from bondage.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: LOL. That is really amusing, guys. So, Moses, back after all of these years to bring shame on your own house and your own grandfather?</p>\n\n<p>AARON: You cared for my brother for many years. At one time, he loved you as a grandfather. But he is the son of a Hebrew slave. If you love him, you will let his people go.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH’S SON: Moses! I missed you! (Looks at Aaron.) Hey, who are you?</p>\n\n<p>AARON: I am Aaron, Moses’s brother.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH’S SON: I thought I was his brother!</p>\n\n<p>AARON: Pharaoh, if you do not release the Hebrews, Egypt will be smitten with a greater plague than it has ever before seen.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: There is no way I am going to do that! I don’t know this God you are talking about, and I will not let your people go. Now get out of my palace!</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 1: To punish Pharaoh for his refusal to let the Jews go, God turned the water of the Nile to blood. It was horrible. Everyone needs fresh water to live, and instead of water, the entire river ran red with blood. Pharaoh was furious, and he called Moses and Aaron back to the palace.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: OK, this is horrible! The Nile River has turned to blood, and it’s your fault! Everyone is freaking out. Maybe your God is powerful after all. If I let your people go, will he turn the river back to water?</p>\n\n<p>AARON: Yes, of course. We don’t want to harm your people, we just want to leave and be free.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Fine, then go.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: So Aaron and Moses left the palace and told the Jewish people to start getting ready for their journey. But then…</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Get Moses and Aaron back here!</p>\n\n<p>AARON: Yes, Pharaoh? We were just leaving.</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Not so fast. I realized that when you go I will have no one to build my pyramids. So I have hardened my heart and changed my mind. You need to stay.</p>\n\n<p>MOSES: But Pharaoh, more terrible things will happen to the Egyptian people if you do not let us go!</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: I will take my chances. Now get out of my palace, and tell the Jews to get back to work!</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 2: Soon, Egypt was overrun with another of God’s plagues… frogs. Wherever you looked, there were frogs all over the land. 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The plagues were spreading fear and sickness across Egypt.</p>\n\n<p>NARRATOR 1: But the crazy thing was, after each plague, Pharaoh would call Moses and Aaron to the palace and tell them that if their God made the plague stop, the Jews could leave Egypt. So God would end the plague, and then Pharaoh would harden his heart and change his mind, keeping the Jews in bondage. It was a mess!</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: Who is this God of yours? How is it that each of these plagues only affects the Egyptians and not the Hebrews!? Get out!</p>\n\n<p>AARON: Pharaoh, our God is all-powerful! We don’t know what we can do to make you see that you must give in. We’re warning you now that God has told Moses what the next plague will be. He’s going to kill the firstborn of every Egyptian household, including your eldest son. Pharaoh, don’t let this happen! Let my people go!</p>\n\n<p>PHARAOH: I do not know your God, and I will not let your people go. Get out of my house! 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"body": "<p>Four Times During Our Seder</p>\n\n<p>“Somewhere Over the Rainbow”</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Four times during our Seder</p>\n\n<p>We drink wine</p>\n\n<p>There's a prayer that I say then</p>\n\n<p>Each and every time. </p>\n\n<p>Four times during our Seder</p>\n\n<p>Cups filled high,</p>\n\n<p>Though it’s just Manischewitz</p>\n\n<p>Please give it one more try.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Someday we’ll upgrade to boutique</p>\n\n<p>Our Seder would be quite unique</p>\n\n<p>And sassy.</p>\n\n<p>We’ll serve a Kosher Chardonnay</p>\n\n<p>Or a merlot, what would you say?</p>\n\n<p>We’d be so classy</p>\n\n<p>Four times during our Seder</p>\n\n<p>We drink wine</p>\n\n<p>There's a prayer that I say then</p>\n\n<p>Each and every time…</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baruch atah adonai, eloheinu mulch ha’olam</p>\n\n<p>Borei Peri Hagafen.</p>",
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"body": "<p>Cohen Campers, young and old, will lead us in the long (and silly) version of the Birkat which will end by going directly into the blessing over the Third cup of wine. Please make sure you have eaten your last bites and that the Afikomen was the very last bit of food you enjoyed this evening. Also, find your Pouring Partners and let's get started...</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blessing over the Third Cup of wine:</p>\n\n<p>בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן:</p>\n\n<p>Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha-olam, borei p’ree hagafen.</p>\n\n<p>We praise Adonai, Ruler of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.</p>",
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"body": "<p>Miriam’s Cup is a new ritual object that is placed on the seder table beside the Cup of Elijah. Miriam’s Cup is filled with water. It serves as a symbol of Miriam’s Well, which was the source of water for the Israelites in the desert. Putting a Miriam’s Cup on your table is a way of making your seder more inclusive.</p>\n\n<p>It is also a way of drawing attention to the importance of Miriam and the other women of the Exodus story, women who have sometimes been overlooked but about whom our tradition says, “If it wasn’t for the righteousness of women of that generation we would not have been redeemed from Egypt”</p>\n\n<p>There are many legends about Miriam’s Well. It is said to have been a magical source of water that followed the Israelites for 40 years because of the merit of Miriam. The waters of this well were said to be healing and sustaining. Thus Miriam’s Cup is a symbol of all that sustains us through our own journeys, while Elijah’s Cup is a symbol of a future Messianic time.</p>",
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"body": "<p>Chad gadya, chad gadya<br />\nOne only kid! One only kid!<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>And a cat came and devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>And a dog came and bit the cat<br />\nThat had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then a stick came and smote the dog<br />\nWhich had bitten the cat that had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then a fire came and burned the stick<br />\nWhich had smitten the dog that had bitten the cat<br />\nThat had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then water came and extinguished the fire<br />\nThat had burned the stick that had smitten the dog<br />\nThat had bitten the cat that had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then the ox came and drank the water<br />\nWhich had extinguished the fire that had burned the stick<br />\nWhich had smitten the dog which had bitten the cat<br />\nThat had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then the slaughterer came and slaughtered the ox<br />\nWhich had drank the water<br />\nThat had extinguished the fire that had burned the stick<br />\nWhich had smitten the dog that had bitten the cat<br />\nThat had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then the angel of death came and slew the slaughterer<br />\nWho had slaughtered the ox<br />\nWhich had drank the water<br />\nThat had extinguished the fire that had burned the stick<br />\nWhich had smitten the dog that had bitten the cat<br />\nWhich had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>\n\n<p>Then came the Most Holy, blessed be He!<br />\nAnd destroyed the angel of death<br />\nWho had slain the slaughterer<br />\nWho had slaughtered the ox<br />\nWhich had drank the water<br />\nWhich had extinguished the fire that burned the stick<br />\nThat had smitten the dog that had bitten the cat<br />\nThat had devoured the kid<br />\nWhich my father bought for two zuzim<br />\nChad gadya, chad gadya</p>",
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"body": "<p>Did you know...</p>\n\n<p>~Only 10 factories in the world produce matzah--three in Israel, two in the US and the rest in Europe.</p>\n\n<p>~For a matzah to be considered kosher (produced or prepared according to Jewish dietary laws) it cannot take more than 18 minutes in total to prepare and bake the flatbread.</p>\n\n<p>~Each matzah has about 800 holes that prevent the dough from rising. Without the holes, you would get pita.</p>\n\n<p>~ Matzot Aviv ships their product all over the world, including to the island of Wallis in the South Pacific, which is home to one Jew.</p>\n\n<p>~The factory produces 26,000 matzahs per hour.</p>\n\n<p>~Matzahs have only 120 calories each--it is what you put on them that adds up!</p>",
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"covertext": "There must be at least one Jew present at the Seder because only the Jews left Egypt and can tell the story. Additionall...",
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"body": "<p>There must be at least one Jew present at the Seder because only the Jews left Egypt and can tell the story.</p>\n\n<p>Additionally, you must do these 5 things at your Seder:</p>\n\n<p>1. Drink 4 cups of wine (or grape juice)</p>\n\n<p>2. Tell the story of leaving Egypt in the first person</p>\n\n<p>3. Eat LOTS of matzah</p>\n\n<p>4. Eat bitter herbs</p>\n\n<p>5. Rabban Gamliel insists that we must say these three things in order to fulfill our obligation on Pesach: <em>Pesach</em> , <em>Matzah</em>, <em>Maror</em>. It is surprising that we must say the words. Isn't it enough just to eat them? We must talk them out because these three <em>mitzvot</em> convey three fundamental principles in our belief in Hashem. Each of them describes a way in which Hashem is subtle and exact in how He relates to us and provides for us.</p>\n\n<p><strong> <em>Pesach</em> </strong> acknowledges that Hashem <em>pasach</em> (skipped over) the houses of our ancestors in Egypt. </p>\n\n<p><strong>M</strong><em><strong>at</strong>zah</em> corresponds to Hashem's precision in time. </p>\n\n<p><strong>M<em>aror</em></strong> - reminds us of how the Egyptians embittered our lives in slavery</p>\n\n\n\n<p>So together, let us all say...<strong>PESACH, MATZAH, MAROR</strong></p>",
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"covertext": "On our Seder table, there is a large cup of wine which none of us has touched. We have reserved it for a special guest,...",
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"body": "<p>On our Seder table, there is a large cup of wine which none of us has touched. We have reserved it for a special guest, whose name is \"ELIJAH--the Prophet\" (Eliahu HaNavi).</p>\n\n<p>Our bible tells us many wonderful stories about Elijah. He was a man of great courage, who fought for what is just and right. </p>\n\n<p>According to tradition, Elijah never died. One day he will return, to announce the arrival of a time when all people will live in peace and treat each other with kindness and love.</p>\n\n<p>Many legends have been told about Elijah. He is the champion of those who are in need or in trouble. He performs miracles to help those in danger. He brings hope and cheer.</p>\n\n<p>Legend tells us that on Pesach, Elijah appears at every Seder and sips a little wine from \"his\" cup. Some people watch the wine in Elijah's cup carefully to see if any disappears while the door is open.</p>",
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"body": "<p>This article was written in 1899 when anti-Semitism was widespread in the United States. Large companies did not hire Jews, Universities either didn't admit Jews or limited their numbers with strict quotas. \"Respectable\" people like Ford and Edison expressed their anti-Jewish feelings openly. Mark Twain had an answer for them:</p>\n\n<p>Written by Mark Twain in Harper's, September 1899</p>\n\n<p>If the statistics are right, the Jews constitute but one percent of the human race. It suggests a nebulous dim puff of stardust lost in the blaze of the Milky Way.</p>\n\n<p>Properly the Jew ought hardly to be heard of, but he is heard of, has always been heard of.</p>\n\n<p>He is as prominent on the planet as any other people and his commercial importance is extravagantly out of proportion to the smallness of his bulk.</p>\n\n<p>His contributions to the world's list of great names in literature, science, art, music, finance, medicine, and obtuse learning are also way out of proportion to the weakness of his numbers.</p>\n\n<p>He has made a marvelous fight in this world in all the ages and has done it with his hands tied behind him.</p>\n\n<p>He could be vain of himself and be excused for it. The Egyptians, the Babylonians and the Persians rose, filled the planet with sound and splendor, and faded to dream stuff and passed away.</p>\n\n<p>The Greeks and the Romans followed and made a vast noise and they are gone.</p>\n\n<p>Other peoples have sprung up and held their torch high for a time. But it burned out, and they sit in twilight now or have vanished.</p>\n\n<p>The Jew saw them all. Beat them all, and is now what he always was, exhibiting no decadence, no infirmities of age, no weakening of his parts, no slowing of his energies, no dulling of his alert and aggressive mind. All things are mortal but the Jew. All other forces pass, but he remains.</p>",
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"body": "<p>Before page 9, fill Miriam's cup and read:</p>\n\n<p>We are about to read the 4 questions and then begin the re-telling of the story of our exodus from Egypt. Let's pause for a moment to consider the unsung heroes of the Passover story. Listen for them as we recall our time in Egypt and how we came to be free. Rarely will you hear these women mentioned by name but we all know that without them, we may not be sitting here as free people enjoying our Seder.</p>\n\n<p>Shifra and Puah were the two midwives and respected members of their community. Despite the risk of punishment, they defied the Pharaoh's orders and continued to deliver baby boys for Jewish women in Egypt.</p>\n\n<p>Yocheved went into labor early but was able to keep Moses' birth a secret from the Egyptians. She then made the ultimate mother's sacrifice by sending him down the river--her only hope in saving him from otherwise certain death. </p>\n\n<p>Batya was the Pharaoh's daughter who found Moses in the reeds of the Nile and decided to raise him as her own, knowingly going against her father's decree to kill all male Jewish babies. We are indebted to her for her defiance and bravery.</p>\n\n<p>Miriam is one who ensured Moses was safe during his journey down the Nile River. She brought Yocheved as a nursemaid to Batya, ensuring that mother and son were never far apart. Miriam is most notably recalled for her strength and song when the Jews finally leave Egypt. </p>\n\n<p><strong>All of the women read together:</strong> This is the Cup of Miriam, to symbolize the water which gave new life to Israel as we struggled with ourselves in the wilderness. Blessed are You who sustains us with endless possibilities, and enables us to reach a new place.</p>",
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"covertext": "Top of page 36: Legend tells us that on Pesach Elijah appears at every Seder and sips a little wine from \"his\" cup. But ...",
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"body": "<p>Top of page 36:</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Legend tells us that on Pesach Elijah appears at every Seder and sips a little wine from \"his\" cup. But before we welcome Elijah into our home, we must fill his cup with wine so he will have something to sip.</p>\n\n<p>Let's each pour a little wine from our own glass into Elijah's cup until it is filled. This helps us remember that we must all contribute our best talents and energies to help fulfill Elijah's promise of a peaceful world. Elijah dedicated himself to defending God against non-believers, and as a reward for his devotion and hard work, he was whisked away to heaven at the end of his life, but before he actually died. Tradition says that Elijah will return to earth one day to signal the arrival of the Messiah, and the end of hatred, intolerance, and war.</p>",
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"covertext": "4000 Years ago - Abraham - Town of Ur in Chaldea - Babylon - Now Iraq, Abraham migrated to the land of Canaan, newar the...",
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"body": "<p>4000 Years ago - Abraham - Town of Ur in Chaldea - Babylon - Now Iraq, Abraham migrated to the land of Canaan, newar the Dead Sea, now Israel. He had a son, Isaac, who had sons Esau and Jacob.</p>\n\n<p>Jacob had 12 sons; they became the Israelite Tribes.</p>\n\n<p>Jacob's son Joseph, with his family and their offspring migrated? or were sold? to Egypt. They became established a farmers along the Nile. Joseph himself became an advisor to one of the Pharaohs.</p>\n\n<p><strong>This brings us to tonight's celebration.</strong></p>\n\n<p>It appears that drought came to Canaan and Joseph sent for the other branches of his family. He invited them to come to Egypt. The Nile floods annually and fertilizes the land; this area is less subject to rainfall, at least in Egypt. these families grew larger and larger over the years. </p>\n\n<p>1800-1500 BC - New Pharaohs assumed control</p>\n\n<p>Words of Exodus: The Israelites or Jews became enslaved; they were probably one of many tribes who lived in Egypt. Part of the Seder tonight covers the slavery in Egypt and the final redemption and exodus from Egypt of the Israelites. The exodus occurred approximately 1200 BC.</p>\n\n<p>After 40 years of wandering in the Sinai Peninsula where Moses died, the Israelites arrived in Canaan and under Joshua defeated the Canaanites at Jericho and took possession of the land.</p>\n\n<p>As a result of their enslavement and subsequent liberation, the Jewish religion has established a sense of social responsibility toward the poor and other less fortunate people. Even in the destruction of their enemies, when the Egyptians drowned in the parting of the Red Sea, the Israelites were told to abstain from gloating at the misfortune of their erstwhile enemies.</p>\n\n<p>We will bypass this period to complete our cycle of history.</p>\n\n<p>The Israelites multiplied and established the Kingdom of David.</p>\n\n<p>925-1000 BC - Solomon - This takes us to the peak of Israelite power in the Middle East with the capital in Jerusalem and its Temple.</p>\n\n<p>After Solomon - internal strife and external attacks decreased the size of the kingdom. The country split into two, with the northern part called Israel and the southern part called Judea.</p>\n\n<p>722 BC The Northern Kingdom fell around this time as a result of the attacks from armies from Persia and Babylonia. They dispersed the tribes living in Israel, Judea, the southern kingdom was able to hold out until 586 BC when Jerusalem fell and the 1st Temple was destroyed. The people went into exile in Babylon.</p>\n\n<p>536 BC The Babylonian King allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem to re-establish their land; some did, but many did not and became the predecessors of multiple Jewish communities in the Middle East.</p>\n\n<p>63 BC The Romans conquered most of Israel and Judea. The Romans finally destroyed the 2nd Temple and crushed the remaining resistance at Masada. This spelled the end of Jewish Independence.</p>\n\n<p>Simultaneously, among many attempts at religious renaissance, a Jew named Jesus was born and so we come to the birth of the Catholic religion out of which 1500 years later Protestantism originate, and so we come full circle to the western religions. </p>\n\n<p>With the fall of the Second Temple and the Roman dispersion, our family history begins.</p>\n\n<p>Jews were taken to Rome and other parts of Italy by the Romans and finally north along the rivers, primarily the Rhine. Jewish presence began there in 100 AD and lasted until 1940, the Holocaust, which brings us to roughly present day.</p>\n\n<p>As a result of personal research, I have been able to trace the origins of my part of the family to the early 1700's. One part comes from a town called Rheinback, about 15 miles south of Cologne, where I was born. This leaves me only about 1600 years more to research.</p>\n\n<p>Manfred Simon, 2016</p>",
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"body": "<p>We are here to celebrate, once again, the very first festival the Jewish People ever observed. The first Pesach took place in Egypt thousands of years ago. Many Jews consider Pesach the most beautiful of all our holiday; and love it in a special way, and have wonderful Pesach memories. </p>\n\n<p>When we think of Pesach, we think of the warmth and joy of the Seder. The Seder brings together families and friends who eat and drink together, sing and pray together, and recite together the old (yet always new) story of the Exodus from Egyptian slavery.</p>\n\n<p>Each Seder participant has a copy of the Haggadah. \"Haggadah\" means \"to tell\" -- and the purpose of the Seder is to TELL the dramatic and exciting events that Pesach recalls. It's a story of freedom and peace.</p>\n\n<p>When we join in reading the Haggadah, we fulfill the Mitzvah, the duty, which the Torah commanded long ago; \"You shall tell the Pesach story to your children in the days to come.\"</p>",
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"body": "<p>There is a set order for all that we do at the Seder.</p>\n\n<p>There are also special Seder foods, each of which reminds us of some part of the Pesach story.</p>\n\n<p>At the center of our table is the main Seder Plate, with the following:</p>\n\n<p>Z'roa: a roasted bone. This reminds us of the special lamb which was offered on Pesach in the ancient Temple in Jerusalem.</p>\n\n<p>Baytza: a roasted egg. In ancient times, on each of the three pilgrimage festivals (Pesach, Shavuot, and Sukkot) a sacrifice was offered in the Temple. The roasted egg reminds us of that Festival offering.</p>\n\n<p>Maror: bitter herbs. Maror is a reminder of the bitterness and the hardship suffered by our people as slaves in Egypt. </p>\n\n<p>Charoset: This serves to remind us of the clay and mortar used by the Israelites when they made bricks for the pyramids and other buildings that they built for Pharaoh.</p>\n\n<p>Karpas: a green vegetable. Karpas is a reminder of springtime, the season of Pesach when nature blooms again after winter and awakens our hope.</p>",
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"body": "<p>Before we drink from the fourth cup of wine, let us recall why we drink four cups of wine at the Seder.</p>\n\n<p>According to the Torah, God sent Moses to the Israelites in Egypt, instructing him to tell them that God had seen their misery, and had heard their cries, and was ready to bring them out of slavery.</p>\n\n<p>God's promise was put in FOUR different ways:</p>\n\n<p>1. \"I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians.\"</p>\n\n<p>2. \"I will deliver you from their bondage.\"</p>\n\n<p>3. \" I will redeem you with an outstretched arm...\"</p>\n\n<p>4. \"I will take you to be My people.\"</p>\n\n<p>These four promises are celebrated with four cups of wine. </p>\n\n<p>[In that same passage in the Torah, there is a fifth promise, which was fulfilled several decades ago: \"I will bring you back--to the land of your ancestors.\"]</p>",
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"covertext": "Kol od ba’le’vav p’nima,Nefesh yehudi ho’miyah. U’lefa-atei mizrach kadimah, Ayin le’Tziyyon tzofiyah. Od lo avda tikva-...",
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