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One element of the story of the exodus that the Roberts' version elides is God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart. Moses Maimonides (ca 1135 - 1204 CE) recognized this element of the story as a significant paradox since it seemed to suggest that God forced Pharaoh to make the wicked decisions that brought about the punishment of the plagues. As Maimonides recognizes, if this were so, then the notion that the plagues were a punishment as well as a means of the...

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The Partisan Song (or Partizaner Lid) is the name of a Yiddish song considered one of the chief anthems of Shoah survivors. The lyrics of the song were written in 1943 by Hirsh Glick, a young Jewish inmate of the Vilna Ghetto. The title means "Never Say", and derives from the first line of the song, "Never say that you have reached the final road." During World War II, "Zog Nit Keynmol" was adopted by a number of Jewish partisan groups...

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Leader:  Now in the presence of loved ones and friends, Before us the emblems of festive rejoicing, We gather for our sacred celebration. With the household of Israel, our elders and young ones, Linking and bonding the past with the future, We heed once again the divine call To service. Living our story that is told for all peoples, Whose shining conclusion is yet to unfold, We gather to observe the Passover, As it is written Group: You shall keep the...

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Immediately following birkat hamazon (grace after meals) we drink the third of four cups of wine. We pour the fourth cup which will be for the upcoming completion of Hallel. We also pour a fifth cup that is situated in the middle of the table called Kos Shel Eliyahu (Elijah’s Cup). This cup is left undrunk until such time as the halakhic question is answered: Do the Jews in Israel drink the fifth cup which corresponds to the fifth redemptive expression...

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From a distance everything looks like a miracle but up close even a miracle doesn’t appear so. Even someone who crossed the Red Sea when it split only saw the sweaty back of the one in front of him and the motion of his big legs, and at most, a hurried glance to the side, fish of many colors in a wall of water, like in a marine observatory behind walls of glass.  The real miracles happen at the next table...

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¿Qué hace diferente a esta noche de todas las [demás] noches? ¿Ma nishtaná haláila hazé micól haleilót? 1) En todas las noches no precisamos sumergir ni siquiera una vez, ¡y en esta noche lo hacemos dos veces? ...shebejól haleilót éin ánu matbilín afílu paám eját, haláila hazé shtéi peamím? 2) En todas las noches comemos jametz o matzá, ¡en esta noche solamente matzá? ...shebejól haleilót ánu ojlín jamétz umatzá, haláila hazé kuló matzá? 3) En todas las noches comemos cualquier clase...

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“American society is living now at the moment when an abused wife walks out of the household. It is the moment of greatest possibility for freedom, and the moment of greatest danger that the abusive husband will try to kill her. Freedom depends on her having a community to protect and nurture her. “Right now, many abused communities are walking out of their abusive households. Almost certainly, there will be attempts by those in power to choke these energies to death....

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"Let All Who Are Hungry"   We are wired to give.  One of the worst feelings in the world is not being needed by others.  I once asked a group of high school kids: "When was the last time you felt really good about yourselves?" Each responded by sharing an act of kindness and selfless giving.  But a slave has nothing to offer. Drained of energy and time, the slave's emotional and physical resources are depleted. With no ability to give, the...

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Maher Moshe Tzaveh Par'ho Shlach Na Et A Mi Mitzat Ha-El Imor Na-Lo Shlach Na Et A Mi Kuma, Lechna El Kevad Ha Lev Hara Tzav Lo, Bish Mi Shlach Na Et A Mi

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Mah Nishtanah Mah nishtanah ha-layla hazeh mikol ha-leilot? Shebechol ha-leilot, anu ochlin chametz u-matzah,chametz u-matzah? Ha-layla hazeh, ha-layla hazeh kulo matzah (2x) Shebechol ha-leilot, anu ochlinshe-ar yerakot,she-ar yerakot? Ha-layla hazeh, ha-layla hazeh maror (2x) Shebechol ha-leilot ein anu matbilin afilu pa'amachat,afilu pa'amachat? Ha-layla hazeh, ha-layla hazehshtei pe-amim (2x) Shebechol ha-leilot anu ochlinbein yoshvin u-vein mesubin, bein yoshvin u-vein mesubin? Ha-layla hazeh, ha-layla hazehkulanu mesubin (2x) Why is this night different from all other nights?On all other nights we eat either hametz...

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Ilu Ilu hotzi- hotziyanu, hotziyanu mimitzrayim, hotziyanu mimitzrayim Dayenu! Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dayenu, dayenu! Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dai, da-ye, .. Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dayenu, dayenu! Ilu Ilu natan natan lanu, natan lanu et haShabbat natan lanu et haShabbat Dayenu! Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dayenu, dayenu! Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dai, da-ye, .. Dai, da-ye-nu, .. Dayenu, dayenu! Ilu Ilu natan natan lanu, natan lanu et haTorah natan lanu et haTorah Dayenu!...