The Ten Plagues
God inflicted a series of ten plagues on the Egyptian people. After each one, Pharaoh started to relent and almost let the slaves go. But each time, the Bible says that Pharaoh "hardened his heart" (or God caused it to harden) and he didn't set them free.
These are the names of the Ten Plagues. As we say each one, we pour a drop of wine from our cups (or touch a finger into the wine and then touch it to our plates). Why? Because tradition tells us that we should not rejoice over anyone's death, even if the person was our enemy.
דם
Dahm
Blood
צפרדע
Ts'fardeya
Frogs
כינים
Kinim
Lice
ערוב
Arov
Wild animals
דבר
Dever
Livestock disease
שחין
Sh'khin
Boils
ברד
Barad
Hail
ארבה
Arbeh
Locusts
חושך
Khoshekh
Darkness
מכת בכורות
Makat b'khorot
A plague on the first-born.
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